@font-face{font-family:Cormorant;src:url('fonts/cormorant-garamond.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:300 700;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:DM Sans;src:url('fonts/dm-sans.woff2') format('woff2');font-weight:100 1000;font-style:normal;font-display:swap}
:root{--paper:#f7f5f0;--white:#fffefa;--ink:#272b29;--muted:#656960;--red:#934330;--red-dark:#743322;--line:#d9d8cf;--serif:Cormorant,Georgia,serif;--sans:'DM Sans',Arial,sans-serif;--sage:#e8ebe3;--max:1280px}
*{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:30px}body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font:15px/1.65 var(--sans);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased}body.modal-open{overflow:hidden}a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none}a,button,input,select{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}button,input,select{font:inherit}button,a,input,select{touch-action:manipulation}button{cursor:pointer}button:disabled{cursor:default}img{max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}svg{width:22px;height:22px;flex-shrink:0}button{color:inherit}button,input,select{border-radius:0}button:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,input:focus-visible,select:focus-visible{outline:3px solid var(--red);outline-offset:5px}::selection{background:#ead3c2;color:#222}.wrap{width:calc(100% - 112px);max-width:var(--max);margin-inline:auto}h1,h2,h3,h4,p,figure{margin:0}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:500;line-height:1.08;letter-spacing:-.025em}h1{font-size:clamp(48px,5.4vw,78px)}h2{font-size:42px}h3{font-size:30px}em{font-family:var(--serif);font-weight:400}a:hover{color:var(--red)}.eyebrow{font:500 10px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.17em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--red);display:block}.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-100px;left:20px;z-index:99;padding:12px 20px;background:var(--ink);color:#fff}.skip-link:focus{top:12px}.utility{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.025em;color:var(--muted)}.utility .wrap{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding-block:8px}.utility b{font-weight:600;color:var(--ink)}.masthead{min-height:116px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:24px}.brand{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:48px;letter-spacing:-.055em;line-height:.95;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px}.brand-icon{color:var(--red);display:flex;padding-top:6px}.brand-icon svg{width:38px;height:38px}.brand-sub{font:500 8px/1.5 var(--sans);letter-spacing:.2em;display:block;padding-top:11px;color:var(--muted)}.masthead-note{font-size:11px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-left:22px;margin-left:15px;margin-right:auto}.masthead-note em{font:11px/1.7 var(--sans);font-style:normal}.header-actions{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:25px}.search-link{font-size:11px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:9px}.search-link svg{width:17px;height:17px}.age-stamp{border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:50%;width:35px;height:35px;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:11px}.primary-nav{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:34px;border-top:1px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);font-size:11px;min-height:52px;line-height:1.4}.primary-nav a{display:block;padding-block:16px;position:relative}.primary-nav a[aria-current=page]{color:var(--red)}.primary-nav a[aria-current=page]:after{content:'';height:2px;position:absolute;bottom:0;left:0;right:0;background:var(--red)}.primary-nav .nav-about{margin-left:auto;color:var(--muted);display:flex;gap:18px}.menu-toggle{display:none;background:none;border:0;padding:10px}.menu-toggle span{display:block;width:22px;height:1px;background:var(--ink);margin:6px 0}
.hero{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.85fr 1.15fr;gap:52px;padding-block:54px 46px}.hero-copy{padding-top:14px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.hero-copy .eyebrow{display:flex;gap:10px;align-items:center}.red-dash{display:inline-block;width:22px;height:1px;background:var(--red)}.hero h1{font-size:clamp(66px,6.4vw,94px);line-height:.99;margin-block:25px 24px;letter-spacing:-.045em}.hero h1 em{color:var(--red)}.hero-copy>p{max-width:380px;color:var(--muted);font-size:14px;line-height:1.85}.button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;gap:27px;background:var(--red);color:#fffefa;padding:14px 21px;font-size:11px;font-weight:500;border:1px solid var(--red);line-height:1.6;min-height:47px;transition:background .15s}.button:hover{background:var(--red-dark);color:#fff}.button svg{width:19px;height:19px}.hero .button{margin-top:28px}.hero-footnote{font-size:9px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin-top:auto;padding-top:28px;display:flex;gap:9px;align-items:center}.tiny-star{font-size:19px;color:var(--red)}.hero-visual{position:relative;min-width:0}.hero-visual .archive-image img{width:100%;height:420px;object-fit:cover;object-position:center 61%;filter:saturate(.65)}.archive-image figcaption{font-size:9px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);padding-top:10px}.archive-image figcaption a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.hero-visual figcaption{max-width:77%;padding-top:12px}.image-tag{position:absolute;bottom:64px;left:18px;background:var(--white);padding:13px 16px;display:flex;gap:22px;align-items:center;font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.1em;box-shadow:0 2px 15px #00000008}.image-tag svg{width:17px;height:17px}.photo-index{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:0;font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.09em;color:var(--muted)}
.topics-bar{display:grid;grid-template-columns:.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:21px}.topics-label{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.13em;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);display:flex;align-items:center}.topics-bar a{border-left:1px solid var(--line);padding-inline:22px;font-family:var(--serif);font-size:21px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:10px}.topics-bar a span{font:16px var(--sans);color:var(--red)}.section{padding-block:64px}.section-heading{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:25px;align-items:flex-end;margin-bottom:30px}.section-heading h2{margin-top:11px}.text-link{display:inline-flex;gap:20px;align-items:center;font-size:10px;white-space:nowrap;line-height:1.5}.text-link svg{width:20px;height:20px}.featured-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));gap:30px}.article-card{height:100%;display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start}.card-image{display:block;overflow:hidden;width:100%;background:var(--sage);aspect-ratio:1.68}.card-image img{width:100%;height:100%;object-fit:cover;filter:saturate(.6);transition:transform .4s}.card-image:hover img{transform:scale(1.025)}.card-meta{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;display:flex;gap:10px;justify-content:space-between;width:100%;padding-block:18px 10px;color:var(--muted)}.card-meta span:first-child{color:var(--red)}.article-card h3{font-size:29px;line-height:1.13;margin-bottom:12px}.article-card p{font-size:12px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.85;margin-bottom:18px}.read-link{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:20px;font-size:10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:5px;margin-top:auto}.read-link svg{width:17px;height:17px}.type-cover{height:100%;width:100%;padding:22px;background:#e6e8df;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:space-between;color:#474d42}.cover-top{font-size:7px;letter-spacing:.16em}.cover-year{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:clamp(40px,4vw,60px);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:-.035em;border-top:1px solid #8a928855;border-bottom:1px solid #8a928855;line-height:1.2;padding-block:5px}.cover-bottom{font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.08em;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;text-transform:uppercase}.cover-lost{background:#e9e0d5;color:#645340}.cover-australian{background:#e9e2ce;color:#635b3c}.cover-places{background:#e4e6dd}.cover-world{background:#e4e6e1}.timeline-teaser{background:#edece5;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:49px 48px}.timeline-preview{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:0}.timeline-preview>a{display:flex;flex-direction:column;position:relative;padding-right:35px}.timeline-date{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:61px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--red);letter-spacing:-.045em}.timeline-marker{height:30px;position:relative;display:block}.timeline-marker:after{content:'';position:absolute;height:1px;background:#b9bcb1;top:15px;left:0;right:0}.timeline-marker:before{content:'';position:absolute;background:var(--red);border:4px solid #edece5;outline:1px solid var(--red);height:11px;width:11px;top:10px;left:0;z-index:1;border-radius:50%}.timeline-preview>a:not(:last-child):after{content:'';position:absolute;right:0;top:87px;width:35px;height:1px;background:#b9bcb1}.timeline-preview h3{font-size:25px;margin:9px 0 10px;letter-spacing:-.01em}.timeline-preview p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);max-width:235px}.section-dek{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.8}.world-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;gap:46px}.world-feature{display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden;min-height:360px;color:#fffefa;background:#4c544e}.world-feature:hover{color:#fff}.world-feature>img{width:100%;height:100%;position:absolute;inset:0;object-fit:cover;filter:saturate(.6)}.world-feature:after{content:'';position:absolute;inset:0;background:linear-gradient(transparent 15%,#1f2928c9)}.world-feature>div{position:absolute;bottom:25px;left:27px;right:27px;z-index:1}.world-feature .eyebrow{color:#f5e6cd}.world-feature h3{font-size:53px;margin:8px 0}.world-feature p{font-size:11px;color:#e7e8e2}.round-arrow{position:absolute;right:0;bottom:5px;border:1px solid #f1efdf6e;border-radius:50%;width:36px;height:36px;display:grid;place-items:center}.world-list{display:grid;grid-template-rows:repeat(3,1fr)}.world-list>a{display:flex;align-items:center;border-top:1px solid var(--line);gap:21px;padding-block:19px}.world-list>a:last-child{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.world-number{align-self:flex-start;font-size:9px;color:var(--red);padding-top:4px}.world-list h3{font-size:32px;margin:6px 0 7px}.world-list p{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.world-list>a>svg{margin-left:auto;width:20px}.world-list .eyebrow{font-size:8px;color:var(--muted)}.editorial-banner{border:1px solid var(--line);display:grid;grid-template-columns:55px 1fr 190px;gap:25px;padding:35px 38px;margin-bottom:64px;align-items:center;background:#f1f0e9}.editorial-mark{align-self:start;color:var(--red);padding-top:5px}.editorial-mark svg{width:45px;height:45px}.editorial-banner h2{font-size:37px;margin:7px 0 12px}.editorial-banner p{max-width:560px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:15px}.editorial-facts{border-left:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-left:25px;gap:9px}.editorial-facts span{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);display:flex;gap:13px;align-items:center}.editorial-facts b{font:500 28px/1 var(--serif);color:var(--red);min-width:26px}
.reading-notice{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:23px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:18px}.notice-symbol{height:40px;width:40px;border:1px solid #b8bcae;border-radius:50%;display:grid;place-items:center;font-size:12px;flex-shrink:0}.reading-notice strong{font:500 21px/1.3 var(--serif)}.reading-notice p{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px}.reading-notice>a{margin-left:auto;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:13px;font-size:9px;white-space:nowrap}.reading-notice svg{width:18px}.site-footer{padding-top:45px}.footer-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:2fr 1fr 1.2fr 1.1fr;gap:35px}.footer-brand{display:block;font-size:42px}.footer-brand .brand-sub{padding-top:8px;font-size:7px}.footer-grid p{font-size:10px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9;margin-top:18px}.footer-location{display:block;font-size:8px;color:var(--muted);margin-top:17px}.footer-grid>div:not(:first-child){display:flex;flex-direction:column;align-items:flex-start;gap:9px}.footer-label{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:8px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--muted);margin:3px 0 9px}.footer-grid>div>a:not(.brand),.footer-grid .text-button{font-size:10px}.text-button{background:none;padding:0;border:0;text-align:left;line-height:1.7}.text-button:hover{color:var(--red)}.footer-bottom{margin-top:35px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;gap:16px;padding-block:19px;font-size:8px;color:var(--muted)}.small-dot{padding-inline:7px}
.breadcrumbs{font-size:9px;color:var(--muted);padding-block:24px 0}.breadcrumbs ol{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:9px;padding:0;margin:0;list-style:none}.breadcrumbs li+li:before{content:'/';margin-right:9px;color:#a3a89a}.breadcrumbs li:last-child{max-width:100%;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.page-intro{max-width:850px;padding-block:42px 35px}.page-intro h1{margin-block:14px 21px;font-size:clamp(46px,5vw,70px);line-height:1.05}.page-intro>p{font-size:15px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);max-width:700px}.collection{padding-bottom:70px}.archive-search{max-width:750px;margin-bottom:32px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.archive-search label{font-size:10px;display:block;margin-bottom:7px}.search-row{display:flex;align-items:center;border:1px solid #b8bdb1;background:var(--white);padding-left:16px;gap:13px}.search-row>svg{color:var(--muted);width:20px}.search-row input{width:100%;min-width:0;padding:14px 4px;background:none;border:0;font-size:12px;color:var(--ink)}.search-row .button{margin:4px;min-height:40px;padding:9px 24px}.search-hint{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px}.filter-nav{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;padding-block:20px;border-block:1px solid var(--line)}.filter-nav a{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;font-size:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 13px}.filter-nav a span{font-size:9px;opacity:.7}.filter-nav a[aria-current=page]{background:var(--ink);color:var(--white);border-color:var(--ink)}.results-bar{display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:center;gap:20px;padding-block:25px;font-size:10px;color:var(--muted)}.sort-label{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px}.sort-label select{padding:7px 25px 7px 10px;font-size:10px;color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper);max-width:210px}.archive-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr));column-gap:30px;row-gap:43px}.archive-grid>[hidden]{display:none}.archive-grid .article-card{padding-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.empty-state{padding:55px 25px;text-align:center;border:1px solid var(--line)}.empty-state p{margin-block:16px 24px;color:var(--muted);font-size:13px}
.article-intro{padding-block:40px 35px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-intro h1{max-width:1000px;font-size:clamp(44px,5vw,69px);line-height:1.05;margin-block:14px 24px}.article-dek{max-width:830px;color:var(--muted);font-size:17px;line-height:1.8}.article-byline{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px 25px;margin-top:26px;font-size:9px;color:var(--muted)}.article-byline>span+span{position:relative}.article-byline>span+span:before{content:'·';position:absolute;left:-14px}.article-layout{display:grid;grid-template-columns:230px minmax(0,1fr);gap:60px;padding-top:35px;align-items:start;max-width:1140px}.article-sidebar{position:sticky;top:30px;padding-top:7px}.article-sidebar nav{display:flex;flex-direction:column;margin-top:17px}.article-sidebar nav a{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:12px;font-size:11px;line-height:1.7;padding-block:11px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-sidebar nav a span{font-size:8px;color:var(--red);min-width:15px}.sidebar-note{font-size:9px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:23px}.print-button{font-size:10px;margin-top:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.article-body{min-width:0}.article-body>.archive-image{margin-bottom:35px}.article-body>.archive-image>img{width:100%;height:350px;object-fit:cover;filter:saturate(.7)}.article-body>.archive-image>img[src$=svg]{height:auto;max-height:360px;object-fit:contain;background:#e9e8df}.article-text{max-width:720px}.article-text>section{margin-bottom:38px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.article-text h2{font-size:35px;line-height:1.15;margin-bottom:20px}.article-text p,.prose>p,.prose>ul,.prose>ol{font-size:15px;line-height:1.95;margin-bottom:20px}.article-text .section-sources{font-size:9px;line-height:1.85;color:var(--muted);border-left:2px solid var(--line);padding-left:12px;margin-top:23px}.section-sources a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.article-text .article-sources{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:28px;margin-top:45px}.article-sources h2{margin-top:10px}.article-sources>p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}.article-sources ol{padding-left:22px;margin-top:22px}.article-sources li{padding-left:5px;margin-bottom:20px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.article-sources li::marker{font-size:11px;color:var(--red)}.article-sources li>a{font-size:12px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.article-sources li>p{font-size:11px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin:6px 0}.article-sources>.source-date{font-size:10px}.article-sources>a{font-size:11px;color:var(--red)}.related{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:35px}
.timeline-page{padding-bottom:65px;max-width:1000px}.era-links{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;border-block:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:18px}.era-links a{font-size:10px;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:8px 16px}.full-timeline{list-style:none;padding:30px 0 0;margin:0}.full-timeline li{display:grid;grid-template-columns:180px 1fr;gap:30px;position:relative;padding-block:23px 38px;scroll-margin-top:30px}.full-timeline li:before{content:'';height:100%;width:1px;position:absolute;left:185px;background:var(--line)}.full-timeline li:after{content:'';position:absolute;top:39px;left:181px;width:9px;height:9px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--red);outline:5px solid var(--paper)}.full-timeline-date{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:43px;line-height:1.2;color:var(--red);letter-spacing:-.03em}.full-timeline li>div{padding-left:17px}.full-timeline h2{font-size:31px;line-height:1.2}.full-timeline p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin:11px 0 13px;max-width:630px}.timeline-note{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted);line-height:1.9;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:25px}
.prose-layout{max-width:980px;padding-bottom:65px}.prose-layout .page-intro{max-width:850px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-bottom:35px}.prose{max-width:760px}.prose h2{font-size:35px;line-height:1.15;margin:36px 0 18px}.prose h3{font-size:25px;line-height:1.2;margin:26px 0 11px}.prose p a{color:var(--red);text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.prose .policy-date{font-size:11px;color:var(--muted)}.prose code{font-size:.85em;background:#eae9e0;padding:2px 5px;overflow-wrap:anywhere}.source-register section{padding-block:15px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.source-register section h3{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:13px;line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:0;margin:0 0 6px}.source-register section h3 a{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.source-register section p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted)}.prose .archive-image{margin-block:28px}.prose .archive-image img{max-height:330px;width:100%;object-fit:cover;filter:saturate(.7)}.glossary{margin:0}.glossary>div{padding-block:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.glossary dt{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:29px;line-height:1.2;margin-bottom:10px}.glossary dd{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;margin:0;color:var(--muted)}.error-page{padding-block:75px 100px}.error-page h1{margin-block:20px}.error-page p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);max-width:530px;margin-bottom:25px}.error-page .text-link{margin-left:25px}
.age-dialog{position:fixed;border:1px solid var(--line);padding:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);width:min(490px,calc(100% - 32px));max-height:calc(100% - 32px);overflow:auto;box-shadow:0 20px 100px #18211e33}.age-dialog::backdrop{background:#252c27a8;backdrop-filter:blur(5px)}.age-panel{padding:38px 42px;text-align:center}.age-panel[hidden]{display:none}.age-panel .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.age-number{font:400 91px/.9 var(--serif);color:var(--red);margin:24px 0 23px;letter-spacing:-.05em}.age-number span{font-size:50px;vertical-align:top}.age-panel h2{font-size:38px;line-height:1.1;margin-bottom:17px}.age-panel p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:17px}.age-panel .age-small{font-size:10px}.age-panel .button{width:100%;margin-top:5px}.age-decline{display:block;margin:16px auto 0;background:none;border:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:3px 0;font-size:11px}.age-privacy{display:inline-block;font-size:9px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px;margin-top:23px;color:var(--muted)}#age-denied h2{margin-top:25px}.noscript-notice{padding:15px;font-size:12px;text-align:center;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}[hidden]{display:none!important}
@media(min-width:1450px){.hero-visual .archive-image img{height:450px}.hero{padding-top:65px}.hero h1{font-size:100px}.hero-copy>p{font-size:15px}}
@media(max-width:1100px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 64px)}.primary-nav{gap:25px;font-size:10px}.masthead-note{display:none}.hero{gap:35px}.hero h1{font-size:75px}.hero-visual .archive-image img{height:395px}.hero-footnote{font-size:8px}.topics-bar{grid-template-columns:.6fr 1fr 1fr 1.1fr 1.1fr}.topics-bar a{font-size:18px;padding-inline:16px}.photo-index{font-size:6px}.image-tag{bottom:72px}.section-heading h2{font-size:37px}.article-card h3{font-size:26px}.footer-grid{gap:25px;grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1.1fr 1fr}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:200px minmax(0,1fr);gap:35px}.editorial-banner{grid-template-columns:45px 1fr 155px;padding:28px}.editorial-facts{padding-left:18px}.world-grid{gap:30px}}
@media(max-width:850px){.brand{font-size:43px}.masthead{min-height:104px}.header-actions{gap:17px}.primary-nav{gap:23px;justify-content:space-between}.primary-nav .nav-about{display:none}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr 1.05fr;gap:25px;padding-top:38px}.hero h1{font-size:64px}.hero-copy>p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.85}.hero-copy{padding-top:4px}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.hero-visual .archive-image img{height:373px}.hero-footnote{line-height:1.8;padding-top:18px}.photo-index{display:none}.image-tag{left:12px;bottom:85px;padding:10px;font-size:7px;gap:12px}.hero-visual figcaption{max-width:100%;font-size:8px}.topics-bar{grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr)}.topics-label{display:none}.topics-bar a:first-of-type{border:0;padding-left:0}.topics-bar a{font-size:17px;padding-inline:12px}.topics-bar a span{font-size:12px}.section{padding-block:45px}.section-heading h2{font-size:32px}.section-heading .text-link{font-size:9px;gap:12px}.featured-grid,.archive-grid{gap:23px}.article-card h3{font-size:24px}.article-card p{font-size:11px}.card-meta{font-size:7px;gap:7px}.timeline-teaser{padding-block:37px}.timeline-date{font-size:50px}.timeline-preview>a{padding-right:20px}.timeline-preview>a:not(:last-child):after{width:20px;top:75px}.timeline-preview h3{font-size:22px}.timeline-preview p{font-size:10px}.world-feature{min-height:340px}.world-feature h3{font-size:43px}.world-feature>div{left:20px;right:20px;bottom:21px}.world-feature p{max-width:210px;font-size:10px}.world-list>a{gap:12px}.world-list h3{font-size:28px}.world-list p{font-size:9px}.world-list .eyebrow{font-size:7px}.editorial-banner{grid-template-columns:37px 1fr;gap:20px;margin-bottom:45px}.editorial-facts{display:none}.editorial-mark svg{width:34px}.reading-notice{gap:13px}.reading-notice>a{font-size:8px;gap:7px}.reading-notice p{max-width:410px;font-size:8px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1.6fr 1fr 1.2fr;gap:25px}.footer-grid>div:last-child{grid-column:2/4;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px 17px}.footer-grid>div:last-child .footer-label{width:100%;margin-top:0}.footer-bottom{font-size:7px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:175px minmax(0,1fr);gap:27px}.article-sidebar nav a{font-size:10px}.article-text p{font-size:14px}.article-text h2{font-size:31px}.article-body>.archive-image>img{height:260px}.article-intro h1{font-size:52px}.article-dek{font-size:15px}.prose>p{font-size:14px}}
@media(max-width:640px){.wrap{width:calc(100% - 40px)}.utility .wrap{padding-block:7px;font-size:8px}.utility-right{display:none}.masthead{min-height:93px;gap:10px}.brand{font-size:39px;gap:10px}.brand-icon svg{width:29px;height:29px}.brand-sub{font-size:6px;letter-spacing:.18em;padding-top:9px}.header-actions{gap:9px}.search-link span{display:none}.search-link{padding:7px}.search-link svg{width:18px;height:18px}.age-stamp{width:28px;height:28px;font-size:9px}.menu-toggle{display:block;padding:6px}.primary-nav{display:none;flex-direction:column;align-items:stretch;gap:0;min-height:0;font-size:12px;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-block:7px 11px}.primary-nav.is-open{display:flex}.primary-nav a{padding-block:12px}.primary-nav .nav-about{display:flex;margin-left:0}.site-header:after{content:'';display:block;height:1px;background:var(--ink);width:calc(100% - 40px);margin:auto}.hero{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:30px;padding-block:32px 28px}.hero h1{font-size:74px;margin-block:20px}.hero-copy{padding-top:0}.hero .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.hero-copy>p{font-size:13px;max-width:390px;line-height:1.9}.hero .button{margin-top:22px}.hero-footnote{padding-top:19px;font-size:8px}.hero-visual .archive-image img{height:310px;object-position:center 60%}.hero-visual figcaption{font-size:8px;line-height:1.8;padding-top:9px}.image-tag{bottom:64px;font-size:8px;padding:12px 14px}.topics-bar{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0;padding:0}.topics-bar a{padding:15px 12px;font-size:18px}.topics-bar a:first-of-type{padding-left:12px}.topics-bar a:nth-of-type(3){border-left:0}.topics-bar a:nth-of-type(n+3){border-top:1px solid var(--line)}.topics-bar a span{font-size:14px}.section{padding-block:36px}.section-heading{gap:18px;align-items:flex-start;margin-bottom:23px;flex-wrap:wrap}.section-heading h2{font-size:34px;margin-top:8px}.section-heading>.text-link{font-size:10px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:5px}.eyebrow{font-size:8px}.featured-grid,.archive-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:32px}.card-image{aspect-ratio:1.85}.article-card h3{font-size:32px;margin-bottom:10px}.article-card p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.9}.card-meta{font-size:8px;padding-block:15px 9px}.read-link{font-size:10px}.timeline-teaser{padding-block:32px}.timeline-preview{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;row-gap:27px}.timeline-preview>a{padding-right:20px}.timeline-date{font-size:56px}.timeline-preview h3{font-size:24px;line-height:1.1}.timeline-preview p{font-size:10px}.timeline-preview>a:not(:last-child):after{top:82px;width:20px}.timeline-preview>a:nth-child(2):after{display:none}.world-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:24px}.world-feature{min-height:310px}.world-feature h3{font-size:48px}.world-feature p{max-width:280px}.world-list>a{padding-block:19px;gap:16px}.world-list h3{font-size:32px}.world-list p{font-size:10px}.world-list .eyebrow{font-size:8px}.section-dek{font-size:11px}.editorial-banner{grid-template-columns:1fr;padding:25px;gap:10px;margin-bottom:36px}.editorial-mark{display:none}.editorial-banner h2{font-size:34px;line-height:1.1;margin-block:8px 15px}.editorial-banner p{font-size:11px}.reading-notice{align-items:flex-start;gap:13px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-block:21px}.notice-symbol{width:33px;height:33px;font-size:10px}.reading-notice>div{width:calc(100% - 46px)}.reading-notice strong{font-size:21px}.reading-notice p{font-size:9px;line-height:1.9}.reading-notice>a{margin-left:46px;font-size:9px}.site-footer{padding-top:30px}.footer-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:28px 20px}.footer-grid>div:first-child{grid-column:1/-1}.footer-grid>div:last-child{grid-column:1/-1;gap:9px 18px}.footer-brand{font-size:43px}.footer-brand .brand-sub{font-size:7px}.footer-grid p{font-size:11px;margin-top:16px}.footer-location{font-size:8px}.footer-label{font-size:8px}.footer-grid>div>a:not(.brand),.footer-grid .text-button{font-size:11px}.footer-bottom{flex-wrap:wrap;gap:8px;font-size:8px;margin-top:25px;padding-block:18px}.footer-bottom>span:first-child{width:100%}.footer-bottom>a{margin-left:auto}.breadcrumbs{font-size:8px;padding-top:18px}.breadcrumbs li:last-child{line-height:1.8}.page-intro{padding-block:30px 25px}.page-intro h1{font-size:47px;margin-block:12px 18px}.page-intro>p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.95}.archive-search{margin-bottom:23px}.search-row{gap:7px;padding-left:10px}.search-row input{font-size:11px;padding-block:12px}.search-row .button{padding:8px 15px;font-size:10px;min-height:38px}.search-row svg{width:17px}.search-hint{font-size:9px}.filter-nav{gap:7px;padding-block:16px}.filter-nav a{font-size:9px;padding:7px 10px;gap:7px}.results-bar{align-items:flex-start;flex-direction:column;gap:10px;padding-block:20px}.sort-label{width:100%;justify-content:space-between}.sort-label select{flex-grow:1;max-width:240px;font-size:10px}.archive-grid .article-card{padding-bottom:24px}.cover-year{font-size:52px}.cover-top{font-size:8px}.collection{padding-bottom:40px}.article-intro{padding-block:28px 25px}.article-intro h1{font-size:44px;line-height:1.06;margin-block:13px 20px}.article-dek{font-size:14px;line-height:1.9}.article-byline{font-size:8px;gap:8px 22px;margin-top:22px}.article-byline>span+span:before{left:-13px}.article-layout{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:26px;padding-top:24px}.article-sidebar{position:static;padding-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding-bottom:20px}.article-sidebar nav{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:0 16px;margin-top:8px}.article-sidebar nav a{font-size:10px;gap:7px;padding-block:10px}.article-sidebar .sidebar-note{display:none}.print-button{margin-top:13px;font-size:9px}.article-body>.archive-image>img{height:260px}.article-body>.archive-image{margin-bottom:27px}.article-text h2{font-size:31px;margin-bottom:17px}.article-text p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.95;margin-bottom:18px}.article-text>section{margin-bottom:30px}.article-text .section-sources{font-size:9px;line-height:1.9}.article-sources h2{font-size:30px}.article-sources>p{font-size:11px}.article-sources li>a{font-size:11px;line-height:1.8}.article-sources li>p{font-size:10px}.related{margin-top:20px}.prose-layout{padding-bottom:40px}.prose-layout .page-intro{margin-bottom:25px}.prose h2{font-size:30px;margin-top:28px}.prose>p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.95}.source-register section h3{font-size:12px}.source-register section p{font-size:11px}.prose .archive-image img{max-height:260px}.glossary dt{font-size:27px}.glossary dd{font-size:13px}.timeline-page{padding-bottom:40px}.era-links{gap:7px;padding-block:14px}.era-links a{font-size:9px;padding:8px 10px}.full-timeline li{grid-template-columns:93px 1fr;gap:17px;padding-block:20px 28px}.full-timeline-date{font-size:30px}.full-timeline li:before{left:95px}.full-timeline li:after{left:91px;top:32px}.full-timeline li>div{padding-left:5px}.full-timeline h2{font-size:26px}.full-timeline p{font-size:11px}.full-timeline .read-link{font-size:9px}.timeline-note{font-size:10px}.error-page{padding-block:55px 65px}.error-page h1{font-size:53px}.error-page p{font-size:13px}.error-page .text-link{display:flex;margin:20px 0 0}.age-panel{padding:29px 26px}.age-panel h2{font-size:34px}.age-panel p{font-size:12px}.age-number{font-size:80px}.age-privacy{margin-top:18px}}
.documented-records{padding:23px 25px;margin:25px 0 30px;background:#eeeee6;border:1px solid var(--line)}.documented-records h3{font-size:27px;margin-bottom:18px}.documented-records ul{padding:0;list-style:none;margin:0}.documented-records li{padding:0 0 17px;margin-bottom:17px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.documented-records li p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.8;margin:0 0 8px}.documented-records li>a{font-size:11px;text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.record-locator{display:block;font-size:10px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin-top:6px}.documented-records p.records-scope{font-size:10px;line-height:1.8;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.image-attribution{display:block;margin-top:3px}.card-image img.portrait-image{object-fit:contain;background:#e8e6dd}.article-body>.archive-image>img.portrait-image{height:auto;max-height:490px;object-fit:contain;background:#e8e6dd}.prose .archive-image img.portrait-image{object-fit:contain;max-height:420px;background:#e8e6dd}.article-body>.archive-image>img[src$="electromechanical-relays.svg"]{max-height:none}
@media(max-width:380px){.brand{font-size:32px;gap:7px}.brand-icon svg{width:25px;height:25px}.brand-sub{font-size:5px}.header-actions{gap:3px}.search-link{padding:5px}.age-stamp{width:25px;height:25px;font-size:8px}.menu-toggle{padding:5px}.hero h1{font-size:64px}.hero-visual .archive-image img{height:270px}.image-tag{font-size:7px;bottom:76px}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*,*:before,*:after{transition:none!important;animation:none!important}}
@media print{body{background:white;color:#000;font-family:Georgia,serif}.utility,.site-header,.site-footer,.reading-notice,.breadcrumbs,.article-sidebar,.related,.age-dialog,.noscript-notice,.skip-link{display:none!important}.wrap{width:100%;max-width:none}.article-intro{padding:0 0 15px}.article-intro h1{font-size:32pt}.article-dek{font-size:12pt}.article-layout{display:block;padding-top:20px}.article-text{max-width:none}.article-text h2{font-size:20pt;break-after:avoid}.article-text p{font-size:11pt;line-height:1.6}.article-text section{break-inside:auto}.archive-image{max-width:65%;break-inside:avoid}.archive-image img{max-height:220px!important}.article-sources a{overflow-wrap:anywhere}.article-sources a[href^=http]:after{content:' (' attr(href) ')';font-size:8pt}.hero,.topics-bar,.section,.editorial-banner,.timeline-teaser{break-inside:avoid}.hero h1{font-size:50pt}a{color:#000}.full-timeline li{break-inside:avoid}.prose{max-width:none}.prose p{font-size:11pt}}

.brand-editorial .brand-sub{padding-top:0;font-size:10px;line-height:1.7;letter-spacing:.14em;max-width:180px}

.brand-editorial .brand-icon{padding-top:0;flex-shrink:0}.brand-editorial .brand-icon img{width:44px;height:44px}.brand-editorial.footer-brand{display:flex;gap:13px}@media(max-width:640px){.brand-editorial .brand-icon img{width:36px;height:36px}.brand-editorial .brand-sub{max-width:150px;font-size:9px}}@media(max-width:380px){.brand-editorial .brand-icon img{width:32px;height:32px}.brand-editorial .brand-sub{max-width:122px;font-size:8px}}